Media Presentation of Hate Crimes Against African-Americans: Annotated Bibliography
Baum, M., Potter, P. The relationships between mass media, public opinion, and foreign policy: Toward a theoretical synthesis. Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 11 (2008): 39-65. Web.
Potter and Baum's paper firstly assesses the wide-ranging advances in academic knowledge with regard to foreign policy and public opinion in the course of the last decades, placing emphasis on comparatively recent researches. Subsequently, the authors propose a structure, on the basis of the market equilibrium principle, designed to synthesize the unconnected research programs which make up the literature pool on foreign policy and public opinion. For achieving this, the authors integrate mass media -- a third key strategic player -- that, in their opinion, has a crucial part to play, together with leaders and ordinary citizens, in influencing public outlook towards, and power over, foreign policy, besides considering the leader-public relationship. They attempt to explain the complex linkages between foreign policy results and the aforementioned players.
Holt, Lanier Frush. Writing the Wrong: Can Counter-Stereotypes Offset Negative Media Messages about African-Americans? Journalism and Mass...
90, no. 1 (2013): 108-125. Web.
A number of research works claim that media messages contribute to triggering or aggravating racial stereotypes. But Holt's work delves into the kind of information -- general, non-crime news or crime-related information (facts directly contradicting media messages) -- that works best to abate stereotypes. Holt discovered that being afraid of crime and criminals is not only a racial fear, but more of a general human one. Moreover, his work indicates that in case of American youth, the associated black-criminal stereotype dyad -- crime and race -- is stimulated more by the former element than by the latter.
Lee, Spike, dir. Malcolm X. LA: Warner Bros., 1992. Film.
Malcolm was a victim of violence. The son of a man who was possibly assassinated by the Ku Klux Klan, which also burned his home to the ground, Malcolm was sent off to live with a foster family due to his mother's inability to provide for her kids. Lee depicts the initial scenes set in Harlem in rich and warm colors; by contrast, the prison scenes feature institutional and cold lighting. In several important instances in Malcolm's celebrity life, quasi-documentary, white-and-black photography interwoven into the color film depict the shaping and establishment of his public image.
Hutton, Erica. BIAS MOTIVATION IN CRIME: A Theoretical Examination, Internet Journal of Criminology, (2009). Web.
Hutton's…
